KPK Board 12th class Chemistry Ch 15 Organic Compounds short questions answers

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What is meant by the organic compound and organic chemistry?

Organic compounds are compounds containing carbon which are obtained from living things as well as prepared in laboratories. In simple words carbon containing compounds are organic compounds.

Organic Chemistry is the branch of chemistry in which we deals with the study of carbohydrate compounds and their derivative.

What diluted HNO₃ is added to the sodium extract before detection of halogens in organic compound.

Diluted HNO₃ is used before the detection of halogens when sulphur and nitrogen both present in organic compound because diluted HNO₃ will decompose cyanide and sulphides during the formation of lessigne solution. If these cyanides and sulphides are not removed then they will give a white and black precipitation upon addition of AgNO₃ which will mislead the result.

NaCN + HNO₃ à NaNO₃ + HCN

Na₂S + HNO₃ à2NaNO₃ + H₂S

Explain the significance of Wohler’s work in devolvement in organic chemistry?

In 1828, a German chemist Friedrick Wohler heated ammonium cyanide and prepared urea. It is a organic compound and the urea formed in this way is identical to the urea present in urine. After this experiment a number of organic compounds were prepared in laboratories.

Although Bucky ball is an allotropic form of carbon but it is included in organic chemistry?

Among the allotropic form of carbon i.e. graphite, diamond, and Bucky ball, only Bucky ball is included in organic chemistry. This is because of following characteristics reactions which are not shown by other form of carbon.

Hydrogenation: Fullerenes are easily hydrogenated by several methods to C₆₀H₁₈, C₆₀H₃₆.

Bromination: Bucky ball can added up 24 bromine atoms to the sphere C₆₀Br₂₄. Fluorine can also be added up C₆₀F₄₈.

Friedel-Craft Alkylation: Buck ball ann react with carbo-benzene and aluminum chloride in a fiedel-craft alkylation type reaction.

What are those compounds which although contain carbon but are not considered organic?

Carbon dioxide CO₂, Carbon mono oxides CO, carbonates CO₃^-2, bi carbonates HCO₃^–, Cyanides CN, contains carbon but they are inorganic in nature due to their properties and origin.

Differentiate between partial and total synthesis?

Partial Synthesis: organic compounds prepared derived from organic materials. Many steps are involved or it’s a multistep process. It does not involve any new routes or process for synthesis of a compound. I.e. conversion of aniline to phenol through series of reaction is a partial synthesis.

Total Synthesis: organic compound prepared from inorganic material. A single or two step processes for synthesis. It involves new process or routes for the synthesis of an organic compound. Example conversion of ammonium cyanides to urea is a total synthesis.

How coal can be converted into petroleum?

We obtained the coal gas by destructive distillation of coal and can be converted in to petroleum by a process now as Fisher-Tropsch process. In this process mixture of carbon mono oxides and hydrogen convert into liquid hydrocarbon mainly alkanes:

_(2n+1)H₂ + _nCO à C_nH_2n+2+ _nH₂O

Discus the reason for presence of large number of organic compounds?

The reason for the presence of so many organic compounds lies in the nature of carbon atom. Carbon atom has the ability to from single double and triple bond with each other and also with other elements. The self-linkage of carbon with each other is called catenation. This is responsible for the presence of large variety of organic compounds in nature.

Differentiate between acyclic and cyclic organic compound?

Acyclic Compound: open chain compounds in which carbon atom is linked with other carbon in open chain. General formula is CnH_2n+2. They have two hydrogen more than cyclic compounds. Melting point, boiling point and densities of open chain compound are less then cyclic compounds. Example CH₃-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₃.

Cyclic Compound: Ring or closed chain compounds in which carbon is attached with each other in the form of ring. General formula is CnH2n. They have two less hydrogen atoms than open chain compounds. Melting point, boiling point and densities are more due to more compact structures. Example cyclo-prpane, cyclo-butane.

What are fossil fuels? Discuss different types of fossil fuels.

Any combustible organic martial primarily coal, oil and natural gas formed from died plants and animals is called fossil fuel. There are many types of fossil fuel.

Coal: coal is a solid black or brownish black sedimentary rock usually found in layers called coal beds, coal is the major source of energy all over the world.

Petroleum: Petroleum is a dark brown or greenish black viscous liquid occurring at a depth of 500ft or more under the earth surface.

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KPK Board 12th class Chemistry Ch 15 Organic Compounds short questions answers

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